Application and optimization of headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography–flame-ionization detector (GC–FID) to determine products of the petroleum industry in aqueous samples
Abstract(#br)A simple and solvent-free analytical method has been optimized for the determination of hydrocarbons (C 6 –C 20 ) from products of the petroleum industry in aqueous samples. Extraction and analysis were carried out using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography coupled with flame-ionization detector (GC–FID).