油/水分离

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is widely utilized in material science, chemical engineering, and environmental science due to its excellent properties. By utilizing fillers, so-called composite materials can be obtained with enhanced mechanical, wettability, or thermal conductivity performance. Here, we present a simple, cost-effective approach to vary either the mechanical properties (Young’s modulus) or surface wettability of bulk PDMS and PDMS sponges simply by adding nanodiamond filler with different surface terminations, either oxidized (oND) or hydrogenated (reduced, rND) nanodiamond.

具有超疏水性能的聚合物纳米纤维复合材料在化学气相传感或油水分离等领域具有广阔的应用前景，但开发既能实现有机溶剂气相检测，又能实现高分离通量和优异可回收性的油(有机溶剂) /水分离的超疏水、防腐、耐用纳米纤维复合材料仍具有挑战性。通过在聚氨酯纳米纤维上修饰具有中空结构的碳纳米纤维( CNFs )并对聚二甲基硅氧烷( PDMS )进行改性，制备了一种柔性、可拉伸、超疏水/超亲油纳米纤维复合膜。CNFs与PDMS的结合大大提高了膜的拉伸强度和杨氏模量，同时不牺牲膜的可伸展性。双聚合物纳米纤维和CNF网络有利于化学气相或液体向膜内扩散，因而可用于高性能化学气相传感和油水分离。该纳米纤维复合材料对不同有机蒸气反应灵敏，检出限低，选择性好。同时，该材料可实现油(二氯甲烷)渗透通量高达6577.3 L m-2 h-1的快速油水分离。此外，在30次油水分离试验中，分离通量和分离效率保持稳定，具有良好的可回收性。