海水淡化

Abstract(#br)In this paper, the microscale experimental model system for studying electrodialysis (ED) process is described, which is used for visualizing in situ fluid flow and concentration profile over a wide range of applied voltages (0–100\u003cce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"/\u003eV).

Abstract(#br)Distillation is widely used in industrial processes and laboratories for sample pre-treatment. The conventional apparatus of flash distillation is composed of heating source, distilling flask, condenser, and receiving flask. As disadvantages, this method shows manual and laborious analyses with high consumption of chemicals. In this paper, all these limitations were addressed by developing a fully integrated microscale distiller in agreement with the apparatus of conventional flash distillation.

Abstract(#br)The further advance of membrane distillation (MD) is hampered due to inadequate membrane durability challenged by wetting-induced performance deterioration. The current study presents a novel approach to fabrication of superhydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes via construction of hierarchical textures on membrane surfaces based on a nanocasting strategy. Two types of PVDF membranes with different surface textures were prepared, separately using a stainless-steel mesh (SSM) or its negative polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) template as a fabrication substrate.

Abstract(#br)Nanocomposite membranes were synthesized by incorporating aluminogermanate imogolite nanotubes (GeINTs) into polyamide thin-films. Thin-films were prepared by interfacial polymerization using m-phenylenediamine (MPD) and 1,3,5-trimesoylchloride (TMC). The GeINTs were surface modified with hydrophobic vinyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and their orientation manipulated using an alternating current (AC) electric field. The prepared GeINTs were characterized by their physical morphology, surface chemistry, orientation, and aggregation status in the relative media.

太阳能驱动的界面蒸发作为一种非常有前景的解决淡水短缺危机的海水淡化技术受到了广泛的关注。然而，长期太阳能海水淡化过程中的盐垢和稳定性差，严重阻碍了太阳能蒸发器的应用。此外，报告的蒸发器大多依赖昂贵的材料和复杂的制备工艺。这里，我们报道了一种简单制备聚二甲基硅氧烷/碳纳米管( PDMS / CNTs )改性三聚氰胺太阳能蒸发器的方法，用于高效蒸汽的产生和脱盐。弹性太阳能蒸发器具有( i ) PDMS相分离形成的骨架粗糙的大孔网络、高太阳吸光度( 99 % )和优异的光热性能、低热导率( 0.032   W   m-1 K-1 )和( iii )独特的润湿性(疏水上表面和亲水下部分)。因此，蒸发器的蒸发速率为1.44   kg   m-2 h-1，在1太阳光照下，去离子水的太阳能蒸发转换效率为84 %。有趣的是，蒸发器对盐水的太阳能蒸发性能与去离子水相当。此外，由于蒸发器快速补水，蒸发器在长期连续太阳能海水淡化过程中表现出优异的耐盐性和稳定性。由于蒸发器的优点和制备方法简单，蒸发器可能在太阳能海水淡化中找到实际应用。

太阳能驱动的界面蒸发作为解决淡水短缺危机的一种非常有前途的海水淡化技术受到了广泛的关注。然而，长期太阳能海水淡化过程中盐污和稳定性差，严重阻碍了太阳能蒸发器的应用。此外，报告的蒸发器大多依赖昂贵的材料和复杂的制备工艺。在此，我们报道了一种简单的聚二甲基硅氧烷/碳纳米管( PDMS / CNTs )改性三聚氰胺太阳能蒸发器的制备，用于高效的蒸汽产生和脱盐。弹性太阳能蒸发器的特点是：( 1 )由于PDMS的相分离，具有粗糙骨架的大孔网络；( 2 )具有较高的太阳吸光度( 99 % )和优异的光热性能；( 3 )具有较低的热导率( 0.032-1K-1 )；( 3 )具有独特的润湿性(疏水上表面和亲水下表面)。因此，蒸发器在1太阳光照下对去离子水进行太阳能蒸发，蒸发速率为1.44 kg m-2 h-1，太阳能-蒸发转换效率为84 %。有趣的是，与去离子水相比，盐水蒸发器具有相似的太阳能蒸发性能。此外，由于蒸发器快速补水，蒸发器在长期连续太阳能海水淡化过程中表现出优异的耐盐性和稳定性。由于蒸发器的优点和制备方法简单，蒸发器可能在太阳能海水淡化中找到实际应用。