表面活性剂

Abstract(#br)Toxicity of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) to aquatic organisms has been studied, but effects of co-exposure to OSPW and polycyclic-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are an important class of chemicals in tailings ponds used to store OSPW, has not been investigated.

通过连续相在乳液模板中的聚合，制备了具有可调孔结构的多孔聚二甲基硅氧烷( PDMS )骨架。采用非离子型( Triton X‐100 )、阳离子型(苯扎氯铵)、阴离子型(十二烷基硫酸钠)和有机硅基嵌段共聚物等表面活性剂对油包水乳液体系进行稳定。采用10 % ~ 60 %内相变化范围较广的去离子水，制成低内相乳液和中内相乳液。探究了表面活性剂种类、表面活性剂浓度、内相体积对乳液稳定性、孔形貌、孔径分布的影响。通过比较固化样品在0、6、72 h等不同放置时间下的孔隙形貌，考察乳液的稳定性。采用扫描电子显微镜对多孔结构进行了表征。通过图像分析，计算了各样品的孔径分布、孔隙率和开孔率。用内部相大于30 %的乳液制成的多孔PDMS中已见到相互连通的孔隙。结果表明，开孔频率和孔径大小与表面活性剂种类有关。